The perceived stress scale is a 14 item measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful with responses rated on a 5point likert scale 0 never to 4 very often. Mothers who breastfed had significantly less perceived stress in the month. Excellent testretest reliability intraclass correlation coefficient 0. We recommend the use of pss10 for research which focuses on the two.
Therefore, we assessed the psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss in ethiopian. The perceived stress scale pss is a classic stress assessment instrument. Mindfulness, perceived stress, and subjective wellbeing. The original english version of the pss has been translated into several languages to increase its use with nonenglish speaking populations. Sheldon cohen in 1983, this 4, 10, or 14 point questionnaire assesses how in control of their lives subjects have felt over the last month. The perceived stress scale pss is the most broadly utilized mental instrument for measuring the perception of stress. Results found mood and stress collectively predicted injury characteristics. The perception of academic stress scale dalia bedewy1 and adel gabriel2 abstract the development of a scale to measure perceived sources of academic stress among university students. Items were designed to assess how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives to be. Findings suggest that three scales represent internal stress reactions, whereas the scale demands relates to perceived external stressors. Note that this is the only approval letter you will get. The pss 10 has been used to research stress among different population groups including healthy university students, drug addicts, elderly populations, as well as pregnant and postpartum women. It is a measure of the extent to which circumstances throughout ones life are evaluated as distressing. The perceived stress scale consists of 14 items pss14 9, seven positive.
The stai measures trait anxiety, or a general tendency to experience anxious emotioncognition. The factor structure was confirmed on the second sample. The perceived stress scale pss measures psychological stress associated with sex, age, education, income, employment status, and a number of other demographics. Participants were 281 undergraduates at 3 public universities. The perceived stress scale cohen, kamarch, and mermelstein, 1983 the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. Items were designed to tap how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. The perceived stress scale10 pss10 is reliable and has. It measures stress by a series of questions based on your feelings and emotions over the last month and how strongly youve felt them. Psychological stress has been defined as the extent to which persons perceive appraise that their demands exceed their ability to cope the pss was published in 1983, and has become one of the most widely used psychological instruments for measuring nonspecific. Psychometric properties of a european spanish version of the perceived stress scale pss. In a similar study, malinauskas 2010 sampled 123 college athletes and administered with social support scale, pss 10, and life satisfaction scale. Perceived stress scale 4 item the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. The perceived stress scale pss developed by cohen, kamarck and mermelstein 10 is a wellestablished selfreport measure based on the. We measured and evaluated perceived stress in this population using the simplified chinese version of the 10item perceived stress scale scpss10.
A more precise measure of personal stress can be determined by using a variety of instruments that have been designed to help measure individual stress levels. Reliability and validity of the perceived stress scale10. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss. Factor structure of the perceived stress scale10 pss. Chinese university students often suffer from acute stress, which can affect their mental health. Motivation to change is linked to desire, ability, reasons, and need to make change. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the pss10 in iranian infertile women.
Stress and its risk factors are frequently seen in ethiopians including university students. It helps you to recognise just how often you have been feeling high levels of stress and putting your wellbeing at risk. Pdf construct validity of the perceived stress scale pss10 in a. Research article open access validation of the arabic. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale in. Perceived stress, sources and severity of stress among medical undergraduates in a pakistani medical school.
Perceived stress scale 4 pss4 instructions the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. Results found greater perceived stress was associated with. Things were intended to evaluate how flighty, wild, and overburden respondents observe their lives to be. The perceived stress scale was produced by sheldon cohen in 1983. Construct validity of the perceived stress scale pss10 in a sample of early childhood teacher candidates. A crosssectional study was conducted among all students in a medical faculty in malaysia. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful.
The perceived stress scale cohen j health soc behav 24. One commonlyused scale is the 10 item cohen perceived stress scale pss 10. Factor structure of the perceived stress scale10 pss across. The 10item perceived stress scale pss10 is one of the most widely used psychological instruments for measuring stress. There are 10 questions in which people can circle how often they have felt a certain way. However, the german version of the pss 10 has not yet been validated.
Pss items were designed to tap the degree to which respondents found their. Thus, the purposes of this representative study were to psychometrically evaluate the pss 10, and to provide norm values for the german population. Perceived stress scale an overview sciencedirect topics. This article presents data on the perceived stress scale, a 14item measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Determining factors for stress perception assessed with. The german version of the perceived stress scale psychometric. Perceived stress scale scoring each item is rated on a 5point scale ranging from never 0 to almost always 4. Pdf to translate the perceived stress scale versions pss4, 10 and 14 and to assess its psychometric properties in a sample of general greek. This scale could be useful to compare stress perception in different. Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale. Pdf chinese version of the perceived stress scale10. Infertility is a low control stressor with negative psychological consequences.
The perceived stress scale 14 items cohen et al, 1983. Positively worded items are reverse scored, and the ratings are summed, with higher scores indicating more perceived stress. Perceived stress scale, pss value to families creates open dialogue about stress and may uncover unmet needs that a family can get support around. Pdf an arabic version of the perceived stress scale. The perceived stress scale pss10 in women experiencing. These scales are intended to be used in screening for risk or for research purposes. Pdf construct validity of the perceived stress scale. Perceived stress in a probability sample of the united states.
If you find the perceived stress scale useful, you might be interested in these other great mind. Questions are directed on feelings and thoughts during the last month. The 10 item version pss 10 has demonstrated good reliability and validity with a cronbachs. In each case, please indicate with a check how often you felt or thought a certain way. Pss 10 scores are obtained by reversing the scores on the four positive items.
The 10item perceived stress scale pss10 is one of the most widely used psychological instruments for measuring stress perception in practice and research but has sparked some controversy regarding its factor structure. Although some of the questions are similar, there are differences between them and. In each case, please indicate your response by placing an x over the square representing how often you felt or thought a certain way. Examining perceptions of academic stress and its sources among university students. The first of these is called the perceived stress scale. The perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the. As described above, the pss 10 is a 10 item selfreport measure of global perceived stress. In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high. Perceived stress scale sheldon cohen the perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. The scale also includes a number of direct queries about current levels. In general, subjects under high levels of perceived stress will have increased hpa activation. In such circumstances, a valid measure to screen for stress in ethiopians is necessary.
Normative results, internal consistencies, and construct validity were supported. In conclusion, the 10 item perceived stress scale can be used to measure stress among chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients and serve as a basis for further research. The perceived stress scale is a way to quantify perception of stress. The perceived stress questionnaire psq reconsidered.
The perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. It is a 10 item scale measuring the perception of stress on a 5 point scale from never to quite often. In each case, you will be asked to indicate how often you felt or thought a certain way. This can increase buyin to home visiting because it helps the family take part in setting the agenda for the home visit. An assessment of perceived stress, resilience and mental. The perceived stress scale was developed to measure the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Examining perceptions of academic stress and its sources. The 10item perceived stress scale is widely used to index subjective stress, and the statetrait personality inventory is a 30item questionnaire assessing anxiety, anger, and curiosity. Perceived stress scale, pss usefulness to practitioners the pss provides an opportunity to understand how a family sees their own strengths and challenges in managing stress. Individuals rate items on a 5point likert scale, ranging from 0 never to 4 very often.
Stress is a common psychological condition usually associated with many psychophysical disorders. The perceived stress scale pss is a selfreported scale with three versions. A total score ranging from 0 to 40 is computed by reverse scoring the four positively worded items and then summing all the scale items. Because of increased stress conditions in college students, updated psychometrics of the perceived stress scale, 10.
The second is the coddingtons life events scale for adolescents clesa,18 which assesses positive and negative life events that are relevant to adolescents. The perceived stress scale pss is a classic stress. Associations between coping strategies, perceived stress. Perceived stress scale, pss quick facts about the tool authors. An assessment of the psychometric properties of the perceived. Multisample analyses yielded a fair structural stability across groups. A psq index can be found by subtracting 30 from the raw score and dividing the result by 90, yielding a score between 0 and 1. The 10item perceived stress scale pss10 is one of the most frequently used instrument to measure perceived stress. Scores range from 056, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress. Perceived stress incorporates feelings about the uncontrollability and unpredictability of ones life, how often one has to deal with irritating hassles, how much change is occurring in ones life, and confidence in ones ability to deal with problems or difficulties. This study aimed to assess the concurrent validity of the malay version of the perceived stress scale pss 10 pss 10 item. In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to.
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