The dielsalder reaction of anthracene with maleic anhydride the dielsalder reaction is a member of a class of reactions called cycloadditions. Contact of maleic anhydride with water results in the undesired formation of maleic acid. The global maleic anhydride market size was valued at usd 2. Maleic anhydride derivatives download ebook pdf, epub. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed. Synthesis of maleic acid from biomassderived furfural in. Specifications for maleic anhydride parameter value molecular formula c4h2o3 mol wt 98. Maleic anhydride served as the limiting reactant in this experiment. Exposure to maleic anhydride can also lead to conjunctivitis and corneal erosion. Tao yang, a wenzhi li, a,b, qingchuan liu, c mingxue su, a tingwei zhang, a and jianru ma a. Abstract the industrial wastes of heavy metals constitute a major problem for the environment which is inparticular dependent, with the toxicity of certain chemical elements.
The recent developments and the technical drawbacks in the gas and the liquid phases are also. Chamber target levels were monitored by gas chromatography as total maleic maleic anhydride plus maleic acid. Cross coupling of alkyl cobaloximes with maleic anhydrides. Synthesis and characterization of maleic anhydride grafted. The synthesis was performed as described by almeida et al. Maleic anhydride is a highly reactive chemical intermediate with present and potential uses in practically every field of industrial chemistry. This application is a continuationinpart of my prior application serial no. A concise synthesis of maleic anhydride and maleimide natural. Maleic anhydride chemical economics handbook ceh ihs markit. Maleic anhydride is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of fumaric and tartaric acid, certain agricultural chemicals, resins in numerous products, dye intermediates, and pharmaceuticals hsdb, 1995. However, in recent years it has been demonstrated that maleic anhydride readily undergoes polymerization under gamma and uv radiation as well as in the.
Plant for the production of maleic anhydride by benzene oxidation. Maleic anhydride can be used with polylactic acid or other biofeedstockbased polymers to improve properties for use in agriculture, automotive, or. Application to lead extraction omar kaddour, naima guettaf, nadjia khettab, abdallah gherbi. Physical and chemical properties for these three chemicals are updated with literature citations when available. Click download or read online button to get maleic anhydride derivatives book now. Up to four clear peaks were noted and determined to be i maleic hydrazide. Maleic anhydride is used to make other chemicals that are used in resins, dyes, drugs and agriculture. The synthesis of natural product 1 began with 3,4dichloromaleic anhydride 4, aldrich.
The resulting hydrolyzed sma solution was adjusted to ph 7. In this project, the selective oxidation of benzene to maleic anhydride man was studied. The synthesis of ssmi was achieved by reacting the maleic anhydride moieties in the backbone of the ssma copolymer with n 1,n 1 dimethylpropane1,3diamine. Maleic acid is biodegradable under aerobic conditions in sewage sludge as well as in soil and water. Maleic acid and its anhydride are prepared industrially by the catalytic oxidation of.
Abstract the concept that maleic anhydride cannot be homopolymerized is so widely accepted that it is cited in most textbooks on polymer science as an illustration of the steric hindrance imposed by 1,2disubstitution of the double bond. Synthesis and characterization of maleic anhydride oligomers. Synthesis of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and. Production of maleic anhydride from maleic acid weiss. Expired lifetime application number us148269a inventor hartig martval john paul. Synthesis and evaluation of polystyrenecomaleic acid. As esterification process involves hazardous mineral acids, ecofriendly solid acid catalysts could be a convenient alternative. It is mainly used as a precursor to fumaric acid, and relative to its parent maleic anhydride, maleic acid has few applications. Maleic anhydride is a white solid obtained by the oxidation of benzene or butane. Department of materials science and engineering, the pennsylvania state university, university park, pennsylvania 16802. This article discusses a new chemical route to prepare maleic anhydride ma grafted polyethylene and polypropylene polymers with controlled molecular structure, that is, ma grafted content and polymer molecular weight and composition distributions. Journal of applied polymer science 2019, 6 21, 47553.
Maleic anhydride chemical economics handbook ceh ihs. Find msds or sds, a coa, data sheets and more information. Synthesis of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and polypropylene, with controlled molecular structures. Water scrubbing and subsequent dehydration of the maleic acid stream are required to purify and reform the remaining maleic anhydride.
Maleic anhydride compatibilizers facilitate the mixing of dissimilar materials, including plastics. In 1995, global production of maleic anhydride was estimated at 1. Increasing demand for unsaturated polyester resins upr and 1,4butanediol bdo are expected to augment market growth over the forecast period. December 2001 chronic toxicity summary for maleic anhydride. Pdf oxidation of benzene to maleic anhydride in a fluidized.
Dissolve the residue in a minimal amount of chloroform. Briefly, 200 mg sma anhydride and 100 mg thp were mixed in 10 ml n,ndimethylformamide dmf followed by addition of 20. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Recent developments in maleic acid synthesis from biobased. These two monomers can be mixed in a bulk process and induced to polymerize under the action of freeradical initiators. Production of maleic anhydride background maleic anhydride is a versatile chemical intermediate used to make unsaturated polyester resins, lube oil additives, alkyd resins, and a variety of other products.
Gas phase catalytic oxidation of benzene was carried out in a laboratory scale fluidized bed reactor on. The amino group of thp was used to react with the maleic anhydride residue of sma to form an amide bond. The catalyst used in the production of maleic anhydride from butane is. Nov 25, 2011 polystyrenecomaleic anhydride was added under stirring and the solution was maintained at ph 14 and 70c. The synthesis of an ester based on maleic anhydride.
Polyethylene altmaleic anhydride david ward johnson. Synthesis of maleic acid from biomassderived furfural in the. Us6620948b2 process for the preparation of maleic anhydride. Application maleic anhydride may be used in the synthesis of unsaturated polyester resins and as a reactant in synthesizing important products such as agricultural chemicals, lubricant. Maleic acid was available commercially in 1928 and fumaric acid production began in 1932 by acidcatalyzed isomerization of maleic acid. Global maleic anhydride market industry analysis report. Durham etheses new applications for polyethylenealt. Maleic acid anhydride is a kind of strong organic acid. The recent developments and the technical drawbacks in the gas and the liquid phases. The dielsalder reaction of anthracene with maleic anhydride. The anhydride of maleic acid has five atoms in its cyclic molecule, the unsaturated bond undergoes free radical polymerization in the presence of an initiator. Approximately 90% of the maleic anhydride produced is from the benzene oxidation process. Us2691660a us148269a us14826950a us2691660a us 2691660 a us2691660 a us 2691660a us 148269 a us148269 a us 148269a us 14826950 a us14826950 a us 14826950a us 2691660 a us2691660 a us 2691660a authority us united states prior art keywords catalyst maleic anhydride oxide molybdenum cobalt prior art date 19500307 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Pdf production of maleic anhydride from oxidation of nbutane.
Recent developments in maleic acid synthesis from bio. Synthesis and characterization of maleic anhydridegrafted. Production of maleic anhydride from oxidation of nbutane. Maleic anhydride appears as colorless needles or white lumps or pellets. Maleic anhydride series products are essential to the production of a multitude of resins and plastics, agricultural and industrial chemicals, petroleum additives, paper sizing, water treatment chemicals, epoxy curing agents, artificial sweeteners. Maleic acid food grade is white crystal with good stability. Liquidphase hydrogenation of maleic acid over pdal2o3. Synthesis of maleic anhydrides and maleic acids by pd. Pdf synthesis and characterization of maleic anhydride. The dominant end use of maleic anhydride ma is in the production of unsaturated. Maleic anhydride is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of fumaric and tartaric acid, certain agricultural chemicals, resins in numerous products, dye intermediates, and. These methods are applied to a short and efficient synthesis of the anhydride of the ras farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor chaetomellic acid a and in preparations of cglycosyl maleic anhydrides, in which the carbohydrate anomeric carbon is directly attached to a maleic anhydride alkene carbon, in.
Inhalation of subacute levels of maleic anhydride can cause severe headaches, nosebleeds, nausea, and temporary impairment of vision. Maleic acid is the cisisomer of butenedioic acid, whereas fumaric acid is the transisomer. Production of maleic anhydride chemical engineering. Disclosed is a process for the production of maleic anhydride, which comprises.
Carboxylic acid anhydride functional polymers polymaleic anhydride polymaleic anhydride view pricing for. Maleic anhydride is a colorless to white solid that forms orthorhombic crystals and decomposes in water. Maleic anhydride 108316 buy and find out price and availability, msds, properties of tcis high quality specialty chemicals. The ssma copolymer was further reacted with amine compound to synthesize ssmi copolymer. Maleic anhydride ma is the acid anhydride of maleic acid and its formula is. Synthesis and therapeutic effect of styrenemaleic acid. Search results for maleic anhydride at sigmaaldrich. Maleic acid, unsaturated organic dibasic acid, used in making polyesters for fibrereinforced laminated moldings and paint vehicles, and in the manufacture of fumaric acid and many other chemical products. The mass of the dicarboxylic anhydride before drying was 1. Maleic acid was available commercially in 1928 and fumaric acid production began in 1932 by acid catalyzed isomerization of maleic acid. Synthesis and characterization of styrene maleic anhydride.
The stoichiometric formation of phenylmaleic anhydride by carbonylation of phenylacetylene in the presence of. Solid maleic anhydride was heated to 53 c to generate vapors, which were then mixed with a stream of nitrogen. It is usually obtained by hydrogenation of maleic anhydride. Us2691660a us148269a us14826950a us2691660a us 2691660 a us2691660 a us 2691660a us 148269 a us148269 a us 148269a us 14826950 a us14826950 a us 14826950a us 2691660 a us2691660 a us 2691660a authority us united states prior art keywords catalyst maleic anhydride oxide molybdenum cobalt prior art date 19500307 legal status the legal status is an assumption. The maleic anhydride that cannot be recovered is eventually washed out with water as maleic acid. Maleic anhydride test description specification unit test limits of measure method min. It is an organic compound with four atoms of carbon in a cyclic structure. These methods are applied to a short and efficient synthesis of the anhydride of the ras farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor chaetomellic acid a and in preparations of cglycosyl maleic anhydrides, in which the carbohydrate anomeric carbon is directly attached to a maleic anhydride alkene carbon, in modest yields 19. Figure figure1 1 shows a scheme of the synthesis of smathp conjugate. Maleic acid or cisbutenedioic acid is an organic compound that is a dicarboxylic acid, a molecule with two carboxyl groups. Hence, in the present study esterification of maleic. Maleic anhydride rapidly hydrolyzes to form maleic acid in the presence of water and hence environmental exposures to maleic anhydride itself are unlikely. Appearance molten briquettes colour 20 apha astm336674 purity 99.
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